Snowball Search and global quantification of the references

Setup

Code

#|

library(bibtex)
library(openalexR)

Thank you for using openalexR!
To acknowledge our work, please cite the package by calling
`citation("openalexR")`.

Code

library(writexl)
library(tibble)
library(dplyr)

Attaching package: 'dplyr'

The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':

    filter, lag

The following objects are masked from 'package:base':

    intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

Code

library(IPBES.R)
library(ggraph)

Loading required package: ggplot2

Code

library(tidygraph)

Attaching package: 'tidygraph'

The following object is masked from 'package:stats':

    filter

Code

# library(ggplot2)
# library(knitr)

kp <- bibtex::read.bib("./key-paper.bib")
dois <- sapply(
    kp,
    function(x) {
        x$doi
    }
)

Searches

OpenAlex

Setup OpelAnex usage and do snowball serarch

Code

#|

key_works <- oa_fetch(
    entity = "works",
    doi = dois,
    verbose = FALSE
)

ids <- openalexR:::shorten_oaid(key_works$id)

# citing_kp <- lapply(
#     ids,
#     function(id) {
#         oa_fetch(
#             entity = "works",
#             output = "tibble",
#             cites = id,
#             verbose = FALSE
#         )
#     }
# )
# names(citing_kp) <- ids

# cited_by_kp <- lapply(
#     ids,
#     function(id) {
#         oa_fetch(
#             entity = "works",
#             output = "tibble",
#             cited_by = id,
#             verbose = FALSE
#         )
#     }
# )
# names(cited_by_kp) <- ids

fn <- file.path("data", "snowball.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    snowball <- oa_snowball(
        identifier = ids,
        verbose = FALSE
    )
    saveRDS(snowball, fn)
}

flat_snow <- snowball2df(snowball) |>
    tibble::as_tibble()

key_works_cit <- list(
    c(cit = "Fisher et al. 2022", id = "W4220786370"),
    c(cit = "Patterson et al. 2017", id = "W2520670351"),
    c(cit = "Feola et al. 2015", id = "W2020319093"),
    c(cit = "Loorbach et al. 2017", id = "W2204133637"),
    c(cit = "Scoones et al. 2020", id = "W3001406994"),
    c(cit = "Evans et al. 2023", id = "W4379647013")
)

Save snowball as Excel file (snowball_excel.xlsx)

Code

fn <- file.path(".", "data", "snowball_.xlsx")
if (!file.exists(fn)){
    IPBES.R::to_xlsx(snowball, fn)
}

Graph of links between references

Code

#|

snowball$nodes$cited_by_count_by_year <- snowball$nodes$cited_by_count / (2024 - snowball$nodes$publication_year)

snowball_p <- snowball

for (i in seq_along(key_works_cit)) {
    snowball_p$nodes$id[snowball_p$nodes$id %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
    snowball_p$edges$from[snowball_p$edges$from %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
    snowball_p$edges$to[snowball_p$edges$to %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
}

IPBES.R::plot_snowball(snowball_p, name = "snowball", path = "figures")
rm(snowball_p)

Cited by count

Supplemented by edges between all papers

Code

fn <- file.path("data", "snowball_supplemented.rds")
if (file.exists(fn)) {
    snowball_supplemented <- readRDS(fn)
} else {
    new_edges <- tibble(
        from = character(0),
        to = character(0)
    )

    works <- snowball$nodes$id

    for (i in 1:nrow(snowball$nodes)) {
        from <- works[[i]]
        to <- gsub("https://openalex.org/", "", snowball$nodes$referenced_works[[i]])
        to_in_works <- to[to %in% works]
        if (length(to_in_works) > 0) {
            new_edges <- add_row(
                new_edges,
                tibble(
                    from = from,
                    to = to_in_works
                )
            )
        }
    }

    snowball_supplemented <- snowball
    snowball_supplemented$edges <- add_row(snowball_supplemented$edges, new_edges) |>
        distinct()
}
snowball_p <- snowball_supplemented

for (i in seq_along(key_works_cit)) {
    snowball_p$nodes$id[snowball_p$nodes$id %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
    snowball_p$edges$from[snowball_p$edges$from %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
    snowball_p$edges$to[snowball_p$edges$to %in% key_works_cit[[i]]["id"]] <- key_works_cit[[i]]["cit"]
}

IPBES.R::plot_snowball(snowball_p, name = "snowball_supplemented", path = "figures")

rm(snowball_p)

fn <- file.path(".", "data", "snowball_supplemented.xlsx")
if (!file.exists(fn)){
    IPBES.R::to_xlsx(snowball_supplemented, file.path(".", "data", "snowball_supplemented.xlsx"))
}

Supplemented Cited by count

Identification of references with more than one edge

This is the number of connections (connection_count)of the paper (id)

Code

#|

mult_edge <- flat_snow |>
    select(id, connection_count) |>
    filter(connection_count > 1) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count))

links <- flat_snow |>
    filter(id %in% mult_edge$id)

links |>
    select(id, display_name, publication_year, doi, connection_count) |>
    arrange(desc(connection_count)) |>
    knitr::kable()

id	display_name	publication_year	doi	connection_count
W2204133637	Sustainability Transitions Research: Transforming Science and Practice for Societal Change	2017	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021340	737
W2520670351	Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability	2017	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2016.09.001	526
W2020319093	Societal transformation in response to global environmental change: A review of emerging concepts	2014	https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0582-z	441
W3001406994	Transformations to sustainability: combining structural, systemic and enabling approaches	2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.12.004	291
W4220786370	Critical social science perspectives on transformations to sustainability	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101160	69
W4379647013	Untangling theories of transformation: Reflections for ocean governance	2023	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105710	55
W2127569725	Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability	2010	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-03610-150420	5
W2127643778	Global environmental change II	2011	https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132511425767	5
W2883507226	The Dark Side of Transformation: Latent Risks in Contemporary Sustainability Discourse	2018	https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12405	5
W4362573725	(Re)framing technology: The evolution from biogas to biomethane in Austria	2023	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2023.100724	5
W2078778096	Transformational adaptation when incremental adaptations to climate change are insufficient	2012	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115521109	4
W2156304718	Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways	2007	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003	4
W2274815048	Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability in Social-ecological Systems	2004	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-00650-090205	4
W2315897902	Sustainability transformations: a resilience perspective	2014	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-06799-190401	4
W2790286726	A perspective on radical transformations to sustainability: resistances, movements and alternatives	2018	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0543-8	4
W2804856255	Transition versus transformation: What’s the difference?	2018	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2017.10.007	4
W2960049244	Just Transformations to Sustainability	2019	https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143881	4
W2966770423	Socio-technical transitions to sustainability: a review of criticisms and elaborations of the Multi-Level Perspective	2019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.06.009	4
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W3136925335	Fostering bottom-up actor coalitions for transforming complex rural territorial pathways	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.02.001	4
W3154787182	Transformation beyond conservation: how critical social science can contribute to a radical new agenda in biodiversity conservation	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.005	4
W3163183782	Assessing nature-based solutions for transformative change	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.013	4
W3185847870	The role of data in transformations to sustainability: a critical research agenda	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.06.009	4
W4200343243	Exploring the transformative potential of urban food	2021	https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-021-00041-x	4
W4281563038	The Urgency of Transforming Biodiversity Governance	2022	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108856348.002	4
W4379231521	Unlocking and accelerating transformations to the SDGs: a review of existing knowledge	2023	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01342-z	4
W4386384026	The lifeways of small-scale gold miners: Addressing sustainability transformations	2023	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102724	4
W1976759885	ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS	2005	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511	3
W2009175240	Caution! Transitions Ahead: Politics, Practice, and Sustainable Transition Management	2007	https://doi.org/10.1068/a39310	3
W2011303397	Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems	1973	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245	3
W2048226523	Action, research and participation: roles of researchers in sustainability transitions	2014	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-014-0258-4	3
W2067441067	Engaging with the politics of sustainability transitions	2011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.02.003	3
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W2800906030	Is the 1.5°C target possible? Exploring the three spheres of transformation	2018	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.010	3
W2904914354	Unpacking social-ecological transformations: Conceptual, ethical and methodological insights	2018	https://doi.org/10.1177/2053019618817928	3
W2918193929	Capitalism in sustainability transitions research: Time for a critical turn?	2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.02.005	3
W3036820224	Sustainability transformations: socio-political shocks as opportunities for governance transitions	2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102097	3
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W3082596907	Four approaches to anticipatory climate governance: Different conceptions of the future and implications for the present	2020	https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.673	3
W3089192400	Recurring droughts or social shifts? Exploring drivers of large-scale transformations in a transformed country	2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102157	3
W3090562667	Sustainable agriculture: Recognizing the potential of conflict as a positive driver for transformative change	2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.08.003	3
W3108934821	A leverage points perspective on social networks to understand sustainability transformations: evidence from Southern Transylvania	2020	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00881-z	3
W3138695700	Transformational adaptation in drylands	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.003	3
W3157054384	The migration-sustainability paradox: transformations in mobile worlds	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.013	3
W3183047539	Critical Reflexivity in Political Ecology Research: How can the Covid-19 Pandemic Transform us Into Better Researchers?	2021	https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.652968	3
W3204417470	Crisis, transformation, and agency: Why are people going back-to-the-land in Greece?	2021	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01043-5	3
W3206417499	Enacting theories of change for food systems transformation under climate change	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100583	3
W4205298166	Democratising sustainability transformations: Assessing the transformative potential of democratic practices in environmental governance	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100131	3
W4210526291	Sustainable market transformation: A refined framework for analyzing causal loops in transitions to sustainability	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2022.01.010	3
W4212926313	Systemic Transition	2020	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_433-1	3
W4214711221	Transforming environmental governance: critical action intellectuals and their praxis in the field	2022	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01108-z	3
W4224269837	Exploring the Love Triangle of Authoritarianism, Populism, and COVID-19 Through Political Ecology: Time for a Break-Up?	2022	https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2022.653990	3
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W4236504206	Transitions to Sustainable Development	2020	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95867-5_52	3
W4281571651	Prospects of Low Trophic Marine Aquaculture Contributing to Food Security in a Net Zero-Carbon World	2022	https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.875509	3
W4281628495	Systems thinking as a paradigm shift for sustainability transformation	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102544	3
W4285107485	Disrupting the governance of social-ecological rigidity traps: Can pluralism foster change towards sustainability?	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.04.011	3
W4292186320	Editorial: Discussing structural, systemic and enabling approaches to socio-environmental transformations: Stimulating an interdisciplinary and plural debate within the social sciences	2022	https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.968018	3
W4293173604	Understanding the social enablers and disablers of pesticide reduction and agricultural transformation	2022	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.07.023	3
W4308158291	Just and sustainable transformed agricultural landscapes: An analysis based on local food actors’ ideal visions of agriculture	2023	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108236	3
W4367316381	Toward a systemic approach to energy transformation in Algeria	2023	https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-023-00367-1	3
W4377690785	Rural politics in undemocratic times: Exploring the emancipatory potential of small rural initiatives in authoritarian Hungary	2023	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103766	3
W4383558737	Political dimensions of social-ecological transformations: polity, politics, policy	2023	https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2023.2222612	3
W1964510407	Adaptation and transformation	2014	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1303-0	2
W1968852409	Diagnosing transformative change in urban water systems: Theories and frameworks	2013	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.008	2
W1979877174	Toward a spatial perspective on sustainability transitions	2012	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.02.014	2
W1982748232	Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: practice, principles, and challenges	2012	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-011-0149-x	2
W1990722542	Patterns in transitions: Understanding complex chains of change	2011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.10.008	2
W1998431836	Informing adaptation responses to climate change through theories of transformation	2012	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.003	2
W1999167944	Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet	2015	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855	2
W2000485484	Simple models, powerful ideas: Towards effective integrative practice	2012	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.03.006	2
W2007762019	Contextualizing Reflexive Governance: the Politics of Dutch Transitions to Sustainability	2007	https://doi.org/10.1080/15239080701622790	2
W2011880877	The practice of transition management: Examples and lessons from four distinct cases	2010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.009	2
W2030655414	The economics of degrowth	2012	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.017	2
W2037833995	Governance, complexity, and resilience	2010	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.006	2
W2052509076	Studying the complexity of change: toward an analytical framework for understanding deliberate social-ecological transformations	2014	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-06966-190454	2
W2094701299	A socio-metabolic transition towards sustainability? Challenges for another Great Transformation	2011	https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.410	2
W2097137610	Pluralising progress: From integrative transitions to transformative diversity	2011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.03.005	2
W2099776967	Navigating transformations in governance of Chilean marine coastal resources	2010	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012021107	2
W2116805608	Conceptualizing, Observing, and Influencing Social–Ecological Transitions	2009	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-02857-140203	2
W2117275101	Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy	2008	https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320802292651	2
W2122963205	Environmental innovation and societal transitions: Introduction and overview	2011	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.04.010	2
W2130268098	Social Theory and Climate Change	2010	https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276410361498	2
W2142130708	Designing long-term policy: rethinking transition management	2009	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-009-9103-5	2
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W2783170155	Exploring Institutional Transformations to Address High-End Climate Change in Iberia	2018	https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010161	2
W2808444906	A discursive–institutional perspective on transformative governance: A case from a fire management policy sector	2018	https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1806	2
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W2809741249	Promoting agency for social-ecological transformation: a transformation-lab in the Xochimilco social-ecological system	2018	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-10214-230246	2
W2882995622	Urban Planet	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554	2
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W2898273287	A Sustainability Lighthouse—Supporting Transition Leadership and Conversations on Desirable Futures	2018	https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113842	2
W2901630300	Designing transformative spaces for sustainability in social-ecological systems	2018	https://doi.org/10.5751/es-10607-230432	2
W2910922638	An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions	2019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.004	2
W2912843034	Institutional work in environmental governance	2019	https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2018.1538328	2
W2917337303	Planning principles and assessment of transformational adaptation: towards a refined ethical approach	2019	https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1580557	2
W2938689122	Advancing the use of scenarios to understand society’s capacity to achieve the 1.5 degree target	2019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.010	2
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W2944235954	Bottom-up initiatives and Participatory Approaches for Outlooks	2019	NA	2
W2967384638	Aesthetic Appreciation of Tagging	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.035	2
W2969681925	Transformative adaptation to climate change for sustainable social-ecological systems	2019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.07.001	2
W2976990520	Opportunities and Challenges for Meeting the UN 2030 Agenda in the Light of Global Change—A Case Study of Swedish Perspectives	2019	https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195221	2
W2977256519	Sustainability Transformations: Agents and Drivers across Societies	2019	NA	2
W2989306646	Situating Knowledge and Action for an Urban Planet	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.002	2
W2990265920	Utilizing Urban Living Laboratories for Social Innovation	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.012	2
W2990856540	Operationalising transformative sustainability science through place-based research: the role of researchers	2019	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00757-x	2
W2998865753	Introduction: Agency in Earth System Governance	2020	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108688277.001	2
W2999980947	Innovation for What? Unpacking the Role of Innovation for Weak and Strong Sustainability	2020	https://doi.org/10.20900/jsr20200007	2
W3000644249	Accountability in the Governance of Global Change	2020	NA	2
W3000775429	The Performance of Agency in Earth System Governance	2020	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108688277.006	2
W3001401140	Agency and Adaptiveness: Navigating Change and Transformation	2020	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108688277.012	2
W3002294434	Theories and Methods of Agency Research in Earth System Governance	2020	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108688277.003	2
W3002318919	Power(ful) and Power(less): A Review of Power in the ESG–Agency Scholarship	2020	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108688277.005	2
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W3208203214	Harness Urban Complexity for Health and Well-Being	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.007	2
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W3208980584	Macroeconomy and Urban Productivity	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.008	2
W3209099959	Persuading Policy-Makers to Implement Sustainable City Plans	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.026	2
W3209107499	Beyond Fill-in-the-Blank Cities	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.025	2
W3209176845	New Integrated Urban Knowledge for the Cities We Want	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.055	2
W3209248539	The Sea Wall	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.045	2
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W3209424139	Recognition Deficit and the Struggle for Unifying City Fragments	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.052	2
W3209507730	Sustainability Transformation Emerging from Better Governance	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.015	2
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W3209629045	Academics and Nonacademics	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.046	2
W3209630450	Can Big Data Make a Difference for Urban Management?	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.013	2
W3209648119	Nairobi’s Illegal City-Makers	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.043	2
W3209860170	Cities Don’t Need “Big” Data – They Need Innovations That Connect to the Local	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.040	2
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W3210045867	Sustainability, Karachi, and Other Irreconcilables	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.019	2
W3210060645	Rethinking Urban Sustainability and Resilience	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.009	2
W3210151124	Leadership	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.048	2
W3210171707	A Chimera Called “Smart Cities”	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.024	2
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W3210239920	The Shift in Urban Technology Innovation from Top-Down to Bottom-Up Sources	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.050	2
W3210422835	Banksy and the Biologist	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.021	2
W3210490262	City Fragmentation and the Commons	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.028	2
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W3210756867	Building Cities	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.031	2
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W3210896637	Broadening Our Vision to Find a New Eco-Spiritual Way of Living	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.054	2
W3210960422	Understanding, Implementing, and Tracking Urban Metabolism Is Key to Urban Futures	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.005	2
W3211088822	The UN, the Urban Sustainable Development Goal, and the New Urban Agenda	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.011	2
W3211096923	What Knowledge Do Cities Themselves Need?	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.020	2
W3211107216	Who Can Implement the Sustainable Development Goals in Urban Areas?	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.037	2
W3211291801	To Live or Not to Live	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.027	2
W3211301114	Live with Risk While Reducing Vulnerability	2018	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316647554.006	2
W3214602988	Engaging with climate adaptation in transition studies	2021	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2021.10.024	2
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W4211114055	Localising Transformations	2019	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108766975.006	2
W4211155907	Transformation Narratives	2019	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108766975.007	2
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W4319013622	Measuring Transformational Impact of Cooperatives	2023	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17403-2_14	2
W4319787226	Greening recovery – Overcoming policy incoherence for sustainability transformations	2023	https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2049	2
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Identification of Concepts

OpenAlex assigns all works concepts. The concepts are in hirarchical order, ranging from 0 to 3. The higher the number, the more specific the concept. The concepts are assigned to the paper (id)

Level 0

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    FUN = function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 0]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l0_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))

writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l0.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)

l0_concept	count
Political science	1136
Biology	1110
Sociology	917
Economics	914
Business	822
Computer science	787
Geography	601
Philosophy	523
Engineering	444
Physics	340
Psychology	279
Environmental science	217
Chemistry	202
Mathematics	175
Medicine	117
Art	39
Geology	39
History	30
Materials science	9

Level 1

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 1]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l1_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l1.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)

l1_concept	count
Ecology	1048
Law	832
Environmental resource management	480
Finance	375
Social science	360
Pedagogy	346
Archaeology	332
Environmental planning	325
Public relations	295
Environmental ethics	241
Economic system	234
Epistemology	227
Artificial intelligence	220
Biochemistry	219
Quantum mechanics	212
Management	199
Knowledge management	195
Management science	160
Linguistics	147
Operating system	146
Process management	145
Economic growth	136
Engineering ethics	134
Environmental economics	130
Neuroscience	109
Social psychology	108
Programming language	103
Political economy	102
Marketing	98
Natural resource economics	97
Public administration	91
Pathology	90
Anthropology	89
Economic geography	84
Thermodynamics	81
Machine learning	77
Computer security	75
Mathematical analysis	75
Industrial organization	72
Paleontology	70
Risk analysis (engineering)	69
Electrical engineering	61
Mechanical engineering	60
Civil engineering	56
Regional science	56
World Wide Web	56
Psychotherapist	52
Cartography	51
Microeconomics	44
Psychiatry	43
Macroeconomics	42
Market economy	41
Pure mathematics	39
Computer network	38
Statistics	38
Algorithm	33
Demography	33
Economy	33
Public economics	33
Optics	32
Oceanography	30
Embedded system	27
Positive economics	26
Structural engineering	25
Waste management	25
Development economics	22
Law and economics	22
Evolutionary biology	21
Financial economics	20
Data science	19
Geometry	19
Aesthetics	17
Geodesy	17
Neoclassical economics	17
Botany	16
Database	16
Visual arts	16
Agroforestry	15
Literature	15
Meteorology	15
Software engineering	15
Advertising	14
Humanities	13
Environmental engineering	12
International trade	12
Nursing	12
Communication	11
Physical geography	11
Telecommunications	11
Theology	11
Gender studies	10
Library science	10
Data mining	9
Fishery	9
Forestry	9
Genetics	9
Internet privacy	9
Organic chemistry	9
Systems engineering	9
Water resource management	9
Acoustics	8
Architectural engineering	8
Agricultural economics	7
Astronomy	7
Climatology	7
Developmental psychology	7
Operations management	7
Socioeconomics	7
Accounting	6
Astrobiology	6
Cognitive science	6
Combinatorics	6
Internal medicine	6
Media studies	6
Aerospace engineering	5
Chromatography	5
Composite material	5
Econometrics	5
Environmental protection	5
Mathematical economics	5
Petroleum engineering	5
Transport engineering	5
Agricultural science	4
Art history	4
Clinical psychology	4
Earth science	4
Engineering management	4
Mathematical physics	4
Reliability engineering	4
Agronomy	3
Applied psychology	3
Astrophysics	3
Cognitive psychology	3
Food science	3
Information retrieval	3
Operations research	3
Ophthalmology	3
Physical chemistry	3
Soil science	3
Virology	3
Biotechnology	2
Classical mechanics	2
Commerce	2
Computer vision	2
Demographic economics	2
Economic policy	2
Engineering physics	2
Environmental health	2
Financial system	2
Geomorphology	2
Geotechnical engineering	2
Gynecology	2
Immunology	2
Medical education	2
Microbiology	2
Multimedia	2
Polymer chemistry	2
Atmospheric sciences	1
Biochemical engineering	1
Cell biology	1
Chemical engineering	1
Condensed matter physics	1
Economic history	1
Endocrinology	1
Ethnology	1
Forensic engineering	1
Human–computer interaction	1
International economics	1
Keynesian economics	1
Labour economics	1
Mathematics education	1
Molecular biology	1
Nanotechnology	1
Natural language processing	1
Nuclear engineering	1
Nuclear physics	1
Parallel computing	1
Psychoanalysis	1
Radiology	1
Remote sensing	1
Theoretical computer science	1
Welfare economics	1

Level 2

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 2]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l2_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l2.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)

l2_concept	count
Sustainability	690
Corporate governance	391
Politics	375
Transformative learning	321
Climate change	247
Sustainable development	227
Context (archaeology)	214
Gene	209
Agriculture	157
Action (physics)	128
Adaptation (eye)	116
Process (computing)	112
Agency (philosophy)	110
Perspective (graphical)	90
Resilience (materials science)	81
Transformational leadership	81
Government (linguistics)	77
Psychological resilience	76
Alternative medicine	66
Futures contract	64
Scale (ratio)	59
Stakeholder	59
Framing (construction)	54
Scholarship	54
Normative	51
Content (measure theory)	50
Citizen journalism	49
Order (exchange)	49
Reflexivity	46
Power (physics)	45
Vulnerability (computing)	45
Anthropocene	42
Renewable energy	42
Ecosystem	41
Urban planning	41
Work (physics)	41
Vision	38
Conceptual framework	37
Earth system science	37
Leverage (statistics)	37
Sociotechnical system	37
Circular economy	36
Value (mathematics)	34
Mainstream	33
Population	33
Energy (signal processing)	32
Biodiversity	31
Production (economics)	31
Scope (computer science)	31
Variety (cybernetics)	31
Psychological intervention	30
Set (abstract data type)	30
Diversity (politics)	28
Economic Justice	28
Field (mathematics)	28
Narrative	28
State (computer science)	28
Transformation processes	26
China	25
Empirical research	25
Incentive	25
Negotiation	25
Resource (disambiguation)	25
Niche	23
Social change	23
Qualitative research	22
Typology	22
Accountability	21
Ecological systems theory	21
Indigenous	21
Operationalization	21
Business model	20
Disease	20
Empowerment	20
Equity (law)	20
Greenhouse gas	20
Interdependence	20
Status quo	20
Transdisciplinarity	20
Urbanization	20
Discipline	19
Key (lock)	19
Intermediary	18
Natural resource	18
Nexus (standard)	18
Quality (philosophy)	18
Function (biology)	17
Relevance (law)	17
Conceptualization	16
Dynamics (music)	16
Habitat	16
Tourism	16
Consumption (sociology)	15
Meaning (existential)	15
Pace	15
Technological change	15
Cognitive reframing	14
Electricity	14
Land use	14
Space (punctuation)	14
Stakeholder engagement	14
Dimension (graph theory)	13
Face (sociological concept)	13
Futures studies	13
Identity (music)	13
Paradigm shift	13
Adaptive management	12
Metropolitan area	12
Restructuring	12
Social learning	12
Bridging (networking)	11
German	11
Perception	11
Relation (database)	11
Scarcity	11
Situated	11
Systems thinking	11
Transparency (behavior)	11
Argument (complex analysis)	10
Embeddedness	10
General partnership	10
Livestock	10
Resistance (ecology)	10
Social capital	10
Software deployment	10
Term (time)	10
Architecture	9
CLARITY	9
Commons	9
Complex adaptive system	9
Entrepreneurship	9
Focus group	9
Identification (biology)	9
Index (typography)	9
Innovation system	9
Living lab	9
MEDLINE	9
Natural (archaeology)	9
Risk management	9
Supply chain	9
System dynamics	9
Tipping point (physics)	9
Unintended consequences	9
Viewpoints	9
Anticipation (artificial intelligence)	8
Citizen science	8
Control reconfiguration	8
European union	8
Flexibility (engineering)	8
Fossil fuel	8
Multidisciplinary approach	8
Private sector	8
Unpacking	8
Adaptability	7
Ambiguity	7
Credibility	7
Developing country	7
Disaster risk reduction	7
Environmental justice	7
Flood myth	7
Globe	7
Health care	7
Humanity	7
Institutional change	7
Legislature	7
Local government	7
Plural	7
Position (finance)	7
Poverty	7
Special education	7
Structure and agency	7
Underpinning	7
Action research	6
Autonomy	6
Bibliometrics	6
Competition (biology)	6
Construct (python library)	6
Development (topology)	6
Diversification (marketing strategy)	6
Experiential learning	6
Green infrastructure	6
Higher education	6
Human settlement	6
Intermediation	6
Intervention (counseling)	6
Lagging	6
Latin Americans	6
Legislation	6
Lens (geology)	6
Modernization theory	6
Novelty	6
Participatory action research	6
Premise	6
Prosperity	6
Public health	6
Service (business)	6
Social media	6
Sociocultural evolution	6
Spatial planning	6
Structuring	6
Water resources	6
Amazon rainforest	5
Anthropocentrism	5
Biosphere	5
Capacity building	5
Clothing	5
Competitive advantage	5
Coproduction	5
Corporate social responsibility	5
Deforestation (computer science)	5
Destabilisation	5
Distribution (mathematics)	5
Efficient energy use	5
Element (criminal law)	5
Emerging technologies	5
Empirical evidence	5
Environmental policy	5
Exploratory research	5
Financial crisis	5
Fishing	5
Focus (optics)	5
Formative assessment	5
Heuristic	5
Institutionalisation	5
Interpretation (philosophy)	5
Knowledge production	5
Maladaptation	5
Openness to experience	5
Payment	5
Pluralism (philosophy)	5
Policy analysis	5
Popularity	5
Public policy	5
Resource efficiency	5
Sample (material)	5
Sanitation	5
Scenario planning	5
Scrutiny	5
Social system	5
Sociology of scientific knowledge	5
Stock (firearms)	5
Strengths and weaknesses	5
Summit	5
The arts	5
Theory of change	5
Water supply	5
Action plan	4
Biofuel	4
Blueprint	4
Boundary (topology)	4
Capital (architecture)	4
Centrality	4
Citation	4
Composite number	4
Conflict transformation	4
CONTEST	4
Conversation	4
Coping (psychology)	4
Creativity	4
Dependability	4
Desk	4
Earth (classical element)	4
Energy consumption	4
Environmental impact assessment	4
Environmental law	4
Extant taxon	4
Food waste	4
Globalization	4
Greening	4
Hazard	4
Human systems engineering	4
Injustice	4
Institutional theory	4
Intersectionality	4
Leadership style	4
Materialism	4
Mindset	4
Modernity	4
Natural hazard	4
Nature versus nurture	4
Neutrality	4
Parallels	4
Path dependence	4
Performative utterance	4
Phenomenon	4
Praxis	4
Product (mathematics)	4
Realm	4
Reputation	4
Social dynamics	4
Strategic planning	4
Treaty	4
Wicked problem	4
Acknowledgement	3
Agile software development	3
Appeal	3
Appropriation	3
Best practice	3
Big data	3
Business ethics	3
Certification	3
Character (mathematics)	3
Co-creation	3
Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)	3
Competence (human resources)	3
Conceptual model	3
Control (management)	3
Damages	3
Dependency (UML)	3
Dialectic	3
Disadvantaged	3
Dual (grammatical number)	3
Embodied cognition	3
Emerging markets	3
Environmental stewardship	3
Evolutionary economics	3
Exploit	3
Financial intermediary	3
Flourishing	3
Food packaging	3
Food processing	3
Foregrounding	3
Fragmentation (computing)	3
Frame (networking)	3
GRASP	3
Grazing	3
Heuristics	3
Inclusion (mineral)	3
Indonesian	3
Industrial Revolution	3
Industrialisation	3
Interdisciplinarity	3
Interim	3
Internet of Things	3
Interpersonal communication	3
Interpersonal ties	3
Knowledge base	3
Lean manufacturing	3
Literacy	3
Logit	3
Macro	3
Mediation	3
Outbreak	3
Path (computing)	3
Phase (matter)	3
Plan (archaeology)	3
Planet	3
Portfolio	3
Portuguese	3
Pragmatism	3
Procurement	3
Productivity	3
Profit (economics)	3
Public engagement	3
Public transport	3
Qualitative property	3
Ranking (information retrieval)	3
Rationality	3
Reading (process)	3
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)	3
Recreation	3
Reductionism	3
Redundancy (engineering)	3
Safeguarding	3
Salience (neuroscience)	3
Salient	3
Scaling	3
Selection (genetic algorithm)	3
Social responsibility	3
Software	3
Stressor	3
Structural equation modeling	3
Subsidy	3
Surface runoff	3
Temporality	3
Test (biology)	3
Theme (computing)	3
Thriving	3
Timeline	3
Tragedy (event)	3
Virtue	3
Watershed	3
Wetland	3
Wildlife	3
Workforce	3
Affect (linguistics)	2
Air quality index	2
Alliance	2
Aotearoa	2
Archetype	2
Baltic sea	2
Branching (polymer chemistry)	2
Bricolage	2
Business ecosystem	2
Capability approach	2
Catalysis	2
Clean energy	2
Cloud computing	2
Coal	2
Coevolution	2
Cognition	2
Cohesion (chemistry)	2
Commodification	2
Common ground	2
Community engagement	2
Comparative advantage	2
Comparative case	2
Compass	2
Component (thermodynamics)	2
Consciousness	2
Conservation biology	2
Consistency (knowledge bases)	2
Consolidation (business)	2
Consumerism	2
Content analysis	2
Convention	2
Coral	2
Coral reef	2
Craft	2
Critical theory	2
Curriculum	2
Cybernetics	2
Dance	2
Decentralization	2
Declaration	2
Delphi method	2
Demand side	2
Demographics	2
Dichotomy	2
Dignity	2
Dilemma	2
Directive	2
Disconnection	2
Divergence (linguistics)	2
Documentation	2
Dystopia	2
Ecological psychology	2
Enabling	2
Enforcement	2
Engineering design process	2
Environmental crisis	2
Environmental education	2
Environmental quality	2
Everyday life	2
Excellence	2
Explanatory power	2
Externality	2
Facilitation	2
Financialization	2
Fish	2
Flemish	2
Frontier	2
Gold mining	2
Green innovation	2
Grid	2
Hierarchy	2
Honor	2
Human capital	2
Human evolution	2
Human geography	2
Hydropower	2
Ideal (ethics)	2
Idealism	2
Ignorance	2
Image (mathematics)	2
Impact assessment	2
Industrial policy	2
Industrial society	2
Inequality	2
Information and Communications Technology	2
Ingenuity	2
Institutional economics	2
Intellectual property	2
Irrigation	2
Knowledge engineering	2
Language change	2
Leapfrogging	2
Liberalization	2
Local community	2
Malaria	2
Management system	2
Marketing management	2
Materiality (auditing)	2
Measure (data warehouse)	2
Metaphor	2
Modal	2
Modalities	2
Multitude	2
Musical	2
Neglect	2
Neighbourhood (mathematics)	2
Neoliberalism (international relations)	2
Newspaper	2
Niche construction	2
Norm (philosophy)	2
Norwegian	2
Objectivity (philosophy)	2
Ocean observations	2
Outcome (game theory)	2
Outreach	2
Participatory planning	2
Peasant	2
Peninsula	2
Performance art	2
Plea	2
Policy Sciences	2
Pollution	2
Port (circuit theory)	2
Practice theory	2
Preparedness	2
Prioritization	2
Privilege (computing)	2
Profitability index	2
Project management	2
Provisioning	2
Psychometrics	2
Psychosocial	2
Public good	2
Public interest	2
Public participation	2
Rangeland	2
Reef	2
Refugee	2
Reinterpretation	2
Reproduction	2
Restoration ecology	2
Revenue	2
Rhetoric	2
Rhetorical question	2
Rigour	2
Science education	2
Science policy	2
Section (typography)	2
Servant	2
Shock (circulatory)	2
Sky	2
Social group	2
Social innovation	2
Social justice	2
Social theory	2
Socioeconomic development	2
Soil water	2
Spatial heterogeneity	2
Strategic management	2
Subject (documents)	2
Subjectivity	2
Surprise	2
Systems theory	2
Tanzania	2
Task (project management)	2
Technology policy	2
Temporalities	2
Terminology	2
The Imaginary	2
The Renaissance	2
Trap (plumbing)	2
TRIPS architecture	2
Utopia	2
Water quality	2
Welfare	2
Wind power	2
Wine	2
Witness	2
Work in process	2
Absorptive capacity	1
Abstraction	1
Acceleration	1
Access to finance	1
Agent-based model	1
Ambivalence	1
Analogy	1
Analytic hierarchy process	1
Anger	1
Antibiotics	1
Applied ethics	1
Archipelago	1
Arctic	1
Argumentation theory	1
Artificial neural network	1
Asia pacific	1
Assemblage (archaeology)	1
Asset (computer security)	1
Attractor	1
Audit	1
Autoethnography	1
Automotive industry	1
Aviation	1
Balanced scorecard	1
Baseline (sea)	1
Basic income	1
Bathing	1
Behavior change	1
Bespoke	1
Biobank	1
Biodegradable plastic	1
Biogas	1
Biologist	1
Biomass (ecology)	1
Bivariate analysis	1
Blame	1
Blank	1
Block (permutation group theory)	1
Blockchain	1
Boundary-work	1
Bounded function	1
Bounded rationality	1
Branching process	1
Bridge (graph theory)	1
Buddhism	1
Business case	1
Business risks	1
Business system planning	1
Butterfly	1
Cape	1
Car sharing	1
Carbon dioxide	1
Cardinal point	1
Causal model	1
Causality (physics)	1
Ceiling (cloud)	1
Champion	1
Chaotic	1
Chart	1
Chemical industry	1
Christian ministry	1
Civilization	1
Classifier (UML)	1
Clean technology	1
Closing (real estate)	1
Coastal management	1
Coastal zone	1
Coding (social sciences)	1
Collaborative learning	1
Collective efficacy	1
Colonialism	1
Commercialism	1
Commodity	1
Community organization	1
Community participation	1
Comparability	1
Complex system	1
Complexity management	1
Compliance (psychology)	1
Compromise	1
Computable general equilibrium	1
Conflation	1
Conflict resolution	1
Consciousness raising	1
Consequentialism	1
Constellation	1
Constitution	1
Construal level theory	1
Consumer behaviour	1
Contradiction	1
Conurbation	1
Copernicus	1
Core (optical fiber)	1
Cosmetics	1
Creative destruction	1
Crisis management	1
Crisis response	1
Critical infrastructure	1
Critical reflection	1
Criticism	1
Crop protection	1
Cross disciplinary	1
Cultural psychology	1
Cultural values	1
Curiosity	1
Current (fluid)	1
Data collection	1
Data envelopment analysis	1
Data-driven	1
Debt	1
Decision tree	1
Deconstruction (building)	1
Deep learning	1
Deep time	1
Deliverable	1
Demand management	1
Denial	1
Deontological ethics	1
Descriptive statistics	1
Desegregation	1
Design thinking	1
Dialog box	1
Dialogical self	1
Diffusion	1
Digital content	1
Digital transformation	1
Disaster research	1
Discrete choice	1
Disruptive innovation	1
Distance decay	1
Divestment	1
Division of labour	1
Domain (mathematical analysis)	1
Domestic market	1
Domestication	1
Download	1
Downstream (manufacturing)	1
DPSIR	1
Drone	1
Dual purpose	1
Duration (music)	1
Dynamic capabilities	1
Dynamism	1
E-commerce	1
Ecological crisis	1
Ecological efficiency	1
Ecological engineering	1
Economic recovery	1
Economic rent	1
Educational technology	1
Electronic waste	1
Emergency management	1
Emic and etic	1
Energy conservation	1
Energy demand	1
Energy sector	1
Environmental degradation	1
Environmental pollution	1
Environmental restoration	1
Environmental security	1
Environmental sociology	1
Environmentally friendly	1
Enzyme	1
Episteme	1
Estonian	1
Ethics of care	1
Ethnic group	1
Ethos	1
European region	1
Event (particle physics)	1
Evolutionary psychology	1
Evolutionary theory	1
Experiential knowledge	1
Explanatory model	1
Explication	1
Exposition (narrative)	1
Expression (computer science)	1
Expropriation	1
Extended producer responsibility	1
Extension (predicate logic)	1
Extinction (optical mineralogy)	1
Facilitator	1
Factor market	1
Factory (object-oriented programming)	1
Fantasy	1
Feeling	1
Fidelity	1
Financial market	1
Floodplain	1
Flowchart	1
Food chain	1
Food safety	1
Foreign direct investment	1
Forest management	1
Foundation (evidence)	1
Fragility	1
Frugality	1
Fuel cells	1
Fuzzy logic	1
Game design	1
Game mechanics	1
General assembly	1
Generative grammar	1
Genetic testing	1
Geospatial analysis	1
Germination	1
Glacier	1
Glass ceiling	1
Global network	1
Glyphosate	1
Goods and services	1
Graph	1
Grassland	1
Great Rift	1
Green marketing	1
Gross domestic product	1
Groundwater	1
Harm	1
Harmony (color)	1
Heading (navigation)	1
Heat stress	1
Hermeneutics	1
Holistic management	1
Homo sapiens	1
Homophily	1
Horizontal and vertical	1
Horse	1
Human development (humanity)	1
Human resources	1
Human rights	1
Human security	1
Human sexuality	1
Human values	1
Hygiene	1
Hyperparameter	1
Ideal type	1
Immediacy	1
Impact factor	1
Implementation	1
Impossibility	1
Impulse (physics)	1
Indigenization	1
Individual mobility	1
Individualism	1
Industrial and production engineering	1
Inertia	1
Inference	1
Inflection point	1
Informal sector	1
Informal settlements	1
Information ethics	1
Information exchange	1
Information flow	1
Information technology	1
Innovation diffusion	1
Innovation management	1
Institution	1
Institutional logic	1
Integrated pest management	1
Interconnectivity	1
Intercropping	1
International Action	1
International development	1
Intersection (aeronautics)	1
Isolation (microbiology)	1
Jargon	1
Journalism	1
Judgement	1
Kingdom	1
Knowledge transfer	1
Knowledge-based systems	1
Kuznets curve	1
Lead (geology)	1
Leadership development	1
Legal research	1
Life course approach	1
Life satisfaction	1
Lift (data mining)	1
Limit (mathematics)	1
Linear discriminant analysis	1
Linearity	1
Link (geometry)	1
Listing (finance)	1
Lithium (medication)	1
Living systems	1
Local Development	1
Lock (firearm)	1
Looming	1
Loss and damage	1
Mandate	1
Mangrove	1
Marine conservation	1
Marine spatial planning	1
Matching (statistics)	1
Material flow	1
Material flow analysis	1
Maturity (psychological)	1
Maya	1
Medical equipment	1
Mega-	1
Megacity	1
Membrane	1
Mental health	1
Mental model	1
Merge (version control)	1
Mesoamerica	1
Mesopotamia	1
Methodological individualism	1
Metric (unit)	1
Miami	1
Microfoundations	1
Miller	1
Mindfulness	1
Mode (computer interface)	1
Modular design	1
Monitoring and evaluation	1
Moral responsibility	1
Movement (music)	1
Multinomial logistic regression	1
National innovation system	1
Natural disaster	1
Natural gas	1
Net (polyhedron)	1
Network effect	1
Niche market	1
Normal science	1
Normalization (sociology)	1
Normative ethics	1
North west	1
Nothing	1
Nuclear power	1
Nuclear power plant	1
Nursing research	1
Object (grammar)	1
Occupancy	1
Officer	1
Open innovation	1
Opportunism	1
Optimism	1
Organisational change	1
Orthodoxy	1
Oxymoron	1
Path analysis (statistics)	1
Path dependency	1
Performativity	1
Period (music)	1
Persistence (discontinuity)	1
Personal mobility	1
Personality	1
Photovoltaic system	1
Planned economy	1
Plastic bag	1
Pluvial	1
Point (geometry)	1
Policy development	1
Polluter pays principle	1
Pooling	1
Positivism	1
Posthumanism	1
Postmodernism	1
Precipitation	1
Predation	1
Predictability	1
Predictive maintenance	1
Preference	1
Presentation (obstetrics)	1
Presumption	1
Principal (computer security)	1
Prism	1
Professionalization	1
Project finance	1
Pronoun	1
Property (philosophy)	1
Property rights	1
Proxy (statistics)	1
Prudence	1
Public service	1
Publishing	1
Punctuated equilibrium	1
Questionnaire	1
Rainwater harvesting	1
Rapeseed	1
Raw material	1
Realism	1
Redevelopment	1
Redress	1
Reference model	1
Reforestation	1
Regional development	1
Regional innovation system	1
Relocation	1
Resource allocation	1
Resource depletion	1
Resource management (computing)	1
Responsible Research and Innovation	1
Reuse	1
Rhythm	1
Risk assessment	1
Root cause	1
Rope	1
Rural area	1
Sanctions	1
Scalability	1
Scheme (mathematics)	1
Scientific evidence	1
Seawater	1
Secondary sector of the economy	1
Sect	1
Security studies	1
Sense of agency	1
Sense of place	1
Sequence (biology)	1
Setback	1
Sharing economy	1
Simple (philosophy)	1
Sketch	1
Skills management	1
Smart grid	1
Social business	1
Social connectedness	1
Social equality	1
Social impact assessment	1
Social institution	1
Social marketing	1
Social mobility	1
Social policy	1
Social relation	1
Social security	1
Social solidarity	1
Social work	1
Sociality	1
Solar energy	1
sort	1
Spacecraft	1
SPARK (programming language)	1
Spatial ecology	1
Spatial organization	1
Spatial variability	1
Special section	1
SPHERES	1
Stability (learning theory)	1
Stars	1
Statistical analysis	1
Structuration theory	1
Subjectification	1
Submarine pipeline	1
Substitution (logic)	1
Sump (aquarium)	1
Superordinate goals	1
Support vector machine	1
Survey data collection	1
Sustenance	1
Swarm behaviour	1
Table (database)	1
Tariff	1
Teaching method	1
Technological evolution	1
Technology transfer	1
Textile	1
Textile industry	1
The arctic	1
The Internet	1
Thematic map	1
Theory of the firm	1
Thermal	1
Toolbox	1
Top-down and bottom-up design	1
TOPSIS	1
Traceability	1
Tracing	1
Track (disk drive)	1
Tracking (education)	1
Trajectory	1
Transaction cost	1
Transactional leadership	1
Transitive relation	1
Transport system	1
Travel behavior	1
Trilogy	1
Trojan horse	1
Truck	1
Turbine	1
Turnover	1
Umwelt	1
Uncanny	1
Uncertainty	1
Unit (ring theory)	1
Unitary state	1
Upgrade	1
Urban agglomeration	1
Urban forestry	1
Usability	1
Utilitarianism	1
Valuation (finance)	1
Value creation	1
Value proposition	1
Variable (mathematics)	1
Variables	1
Variation (astronomy)	1
Vegetation (pathology)	1
Video game	1
Visualization	1
Voltage	1
Warning system	1
Warrant	1
Wastewater	1
Water diversion	1
Water energy	1
Water use	1
Watson	1
West germany	1
West virginia	1
Wilderness	1
Wildness	1
Window (computing)	1
Wonder	1
Zero (linguistics)	1
Zoning	1

Level 3

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 3]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l3_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l3.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)

l3_concept	count
Transition (genetics)	127
Food security	82
Transformation (genetics)	74
Social sustainability	69
Panacea (medicine)	65
Transition management (governance)	61
Sustainability organizations	60
Environmental governance	34
Adaptive capacity	30
Legitimacy	27
Livelihood	27
Democracy	26
Grassroots	26
Sustainable agriculture	26
Civil society	25
Collective action	25
Ecosystem services	25
Climate change adaptation	24
Climate governance	23
Infectious disease (medical specialty)	20
Urban sustainability	17
Environmental change	16
Urban resilience	16
Agroecology	14
Energy policy	12
Multi-level governance	12
Social transformation	12
Stewardship (theology)	12
Deliberation	11
Promotion (chess)	11
Technocracy	11
Thematic analysis	11
Climate change mitigation	10
Political ecology	10
Solidarity	10
Collaborative governance	9
Energy system	9
Global governance	9
Planetary boundaries	9
Capitalism	8
Climate justice	8
Global warming	8
Investment (military)	8
Originality	8
Sustainable consumption	8
Climate Finance	7
Climate resilience	7
Geopolitics	7
Hegemony	7
Mainstreaming	7
Sustainable business	7
Agrarian society	6
Backcasting	6
Constructive	6
Degrowth	6
Dominance (genetics)	6
Extreme weather	6
Ideology	6
Natural resource management	6
Political economy of climate change	6
Scopus	6
Through-the-lens metering	6
Traditional knowledge	6
Agricultural productivity	5
Corporate sustainability	5
Ecological niche	5
Green growth	5
Landscape ecology	5
Social movement	5
Socioeconomic status	5
Urban density	5
Boundary object	4
Carbon fibers	4
Ecological resilience	4
Electronic business	4
Elite	4
Emancipation	4
Energy security	4
Global change	4
Health policy	4
Incrementalism	4
Legitimation	4
Opposition (politics)	4
Pastoralism	4
Product-service system	4
Project governance	4
Risk governance	4
Servant leadership	4
Social network analysis	4
Socio-ecological system	4
Sustainable transport	4
Value chain	4
Vulnerability assessment	4
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak	3
Agricultural diversification	3
Articulation (sociology)	3
Biodiversity conservation	3
Bureaucracy	3
Causal loop diagram	3
Change management (ITSM)	3
Citation analysis	3
Climate policy	3
Collective identity	3
Collective leadership	3
Community resilience	3
Convention on Biological Diversity	3
Diplomacy	3
Downscaling	3
Ecological footprint	3
Ecosystem management	3
Ecosystem-based management	3
Education for sustainable development	3
Electricity generation	3
Environmental politics	3
Integrated water resources management	3
Kyoto Protocol	3
Land use, land-use change and forestry	3
Learning sciences	3
Network governance	3
Regime shift	3
Settlement (finance)	3
Smart city	3
Social network (sociolinguistics)	3
Sovereignty	3
Stormwater	3
Strategic environmental assessment	3
Sustainable energy	3
Systematic review	3
Technological innovation system	3
Transferability	3
Urban climate	3
Urban ecosystem	3
Urbanism	3
Water scarcity	3
Web of science	3
Agricultural biodiversity	2
Beijing	2
Biorefinery	2
Business process	2
Carbon footprint	2
Citizenship	2
Climate risk	2
Climate science	2
Conservation psychology	2
Conservation science	2
Contextualization	2
CRISPR	2
Destinations	2
Devolution (biology)	2
Ecological economics	2
Ecological health	2
Ecological modernization	2
Energy law	2
Environmentalism	2
Fisheries management	2
Global value chain	2
Governmentality	2
Green economy	2
Health promotion	2
Knowledge integration	2
Las vegas	2
Leadership	2
Leadership studies	2
Low-carbon economy	2
Marine ecosystem	2
Marine protected area	2
Orchestration	2
Phenotype	2
Phoenix	2
Polity	2
Population growth	2
Qualitative analysis	2
Rebound effect (conservation)	2
Regulatory state	2
Representation (politics)	2
Service provider	2
Shared leadership	2
Social identity theory	2
Social vulnerability	2
Software development	2
Stakeholder analysis	2
Stakeholder theory	2
Sustainability reporting	2
Sustainable Agriculture Innovation Network	2
Sustainable management	2
Sustainable tourism	2
Sustainable Value	2
Systemic risk	2
Threatened species	2
Transnational governance	2
Urban design	2
Urban ecology	2
Value network	2
Virtue ethics	2
Welfare state	2
Wildlife conservation	2
Agonism	1
Agribusiness	1
Agricultural policy	1
Agroecosystem	1
Air travel	1
Antibiotic resistance	1
Aquaculture	1
Aquifer	1
Artisanal fishing	1
Austerity	1
Behaviour change	1
Betweenness centrality	1
Bibliographic coupling	1
Big Five personality traits	1
Biodiesel	1
Bioenergy	1
Biological integrity	1
Biome	1
Bioproducts	1
Business analysis	1
Business value	1
Carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere	1
Carbon neutrality	1
Carbon sequestration	1
Carnivore	1
Chimera (genetics)	1
Choreography	1
Climate model	1
Cloud computing security	1
Co-citation	1
Code (set theory)	1
Community forestry	1
Compartmentalization (fire protection)	1
Conditionality	1
Confirmatory factor analysis	1
Conservatism	1
Construals	1
Cooperative learning	1
Coral bleaching	1
Coral reef protection	1
Critical realism (philosophy of perception)	1
Cultural geography	1
Data quality	1
Decolonization	1
Desalination	1
Dingo	1
Distributive justice	1
Dormancy	1
Duopoly	1
Earth Summit	1
Eco-innovation	1
Economic collapse	1
Economic governance	1
Economic interventionism	1
Economic reform	1
Economic shortage	1
Ecosystem approach	1
Egalitarianism	1
Electrification	1
Energy engineering	1
Energy intensity	1
Energy management	1
Energy market	1
Energy planning	1
Energy storage	1
Energy supply	1
Environmental consciousness	1
Environmental issues with coral reefs	1
Environmental management system	1
Environmental Sustainability Index	1
Epistemic virtue	1
Epoch (astronomy)	1
Erasmus+	1
Exploitation of natural resources	1
Exploratory factor analysis	1
Extreme heat	1
Fashion industry	1
Fast fashion	1
Fisheries Research	1
Fishing industry	1
Flood mitigation	1
Flood risk management	1
Focal point	1
Food sector	1
Fukushima Nuclear Accident	1
Game Developer	1
Global health	1
Health administration	1
Health equity	1
Health informatics	1
Health security	1
Healthcare system	1
Historical geography	1
Hospitality	1
Human genetics	1
Human–wildlife conflict	1
Hydrogen fuel	1
Impact investing	1
Industrial ecology	1
Institutional investor	1
Integrated coastal zone management	1
Intergenerational equity	1
Internal consistency	1
International investment	1
Intrapersonal communication	1
Ionic liquid	1
Knowledge creation	1
Land cover	1
Land grabbing	1
Land management	1
Land-use planning	1
Legal realism	1
Life-cycle assessment	1
Linkage (software)	1
Mains electricity	1
Marketization	1
Medical genetics	1
Meta-ethics	1
Militarization	1
Millennium Development Goals	1
Modal shift	1
Negative feedback	1
New england	1
New horizons	1
Nomological network	1
Non-renewable resource	1
Normative social influence	1
Nuclear disaster	1
Ocean chemistry	1
Offshore wind power	1
Oppression	1
Organic farming	1
Overfishing	1
Overgrazing	1
Pacific islanders	1
Parliament	1
Participatory design	1
Per capita	1
Photovoltaics	1
Plasmodium falciparum	1
Poaching	1
Populism	1
Project commissioning	1
Project management triangle	1
Project portfolio management	1
Prosumer	1
Quality assurance	1
Random graph	1
Rangeland management	1
Redistribution (election)	1
Relationship marketing	1
Renewable fuels	1
Requirements engineering	1
Resilience of coral reefs	1
Resource curse	1
Resource recovery	1
Return on marketing investment	1
Ribosomal RNA	1
Right to the city	1
Riparian zone	1
Risk perception	1
RNA	1
Robustness (evolution)	1
Ruderal species	1
Rule of law	1
Rurality	1
Sampling frame	1
Science Citation Index	1
Seagrass	1
Social activism	1
Social conflict	1
Social determinants of health	1
Social injustice	1
Social practice	1
Social reproduction	1
Soil carbon	1
Stock assessment	1
Stock market	1
Storytelling	1
Strategic financial management	1
Subsistence agriculture	1
Supply chain management	1
Sustainable design	1
Sustainable production	1
Sustainable society	1
Technical Journalism	1
The Conceptual Framework	1
Total factor productivity	1
Tragedy of the commons	1
Transcription factor	1
Urban agriculture	1
Urban greening	1
Urban politics	1
Vagueness	1
Video game design	1
Vitalism	1
Vulnerability index	1
Wage labour	1
Water infrastructure	1
Water sector	1
Water security	1
Welfare reform	1
Zero-energy building	1

Level 4

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 4]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l4_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l4.xlsx"))
    
knitr::kable(x)

l4_concept	count
Sustainability science	75
Energy transition	64
Food systems	64
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	20
Democratization	8
Food policy	6
Authoritarianism	5
Business relationship management	4
Ecosystem health	3
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change	3
Urban metabolism	3
Complementation	2
Electricity system	2
Fisheries law	2
Neuroleadership	2
Scrum	2
Stormwater management	2
Action learning	1
Artemisinin	1
Aviation biofuel	1
Biorefining	1
Blue carbon	1
Business process modeling	1
Business-to-government	1
Cas9	1
Competence-based management	1
Coral reef organizations	1
Critical geography	1
Data governance	1
Deliberative democracy	1
Development geography	1
Ecological forecasting	1
Environmental design and planning	1
Exponential random graph models	1
Fisheries science	1
Food insecurity	1
Genome editing	1
Green chemistry	1
Groundwater recharge	1
Hydrogen vehicle	1
Influencer marketing	1
Jatropha	1
Legal pluralism	1
Malmquist index	1
Market capitalization	1
Measurement of biodiversity	1
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment	1
Natural capital	1
Network security policy	1
Non-coding RNA	1
Nucleic acid structure	1
Placemaking	1
Project charter	1
Psychometric testing	1
Regime change	1
Representative Concentration Pathways	1
Repressor	1
Requirement	1
Ribonucleoprotein	1
Ribosome	1
Scientific consensus	1
Seed dormancy	1
Separate spheres	1
Social movement theory	1
Solidarity economy	1
Sustainable land management	1
Transfer RNA	1

Level 5

Code

x <- lapply(
    flat_snow[["concepts"]],
    function(x) {
        x[["display_name"]][x[["level"]] == 5]
    }
) |>
    unlist() |>
    table() |>
    as.data.frame() |> 
    rename(
        l5_concept = Var1,
        count = Freq
    ) |>
    arrange(desc(count))
    
writexl::write_xlsx(x, file.path(".", "data", "concepts_l5.xlsx"))

knitr::kable(x)

l5_concept	count
Pandemic	14
Business transformation	4
Complement (music)	2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)	2
Artifact-centric business process model	1
Critical security studies	1
Guide RNA	1
Operator (biology)	1
Project stakeholder	1
Pseudouridine	1
Public Sector Marketing	1
Requirements traceability	1
Ribosome biogenesis	1
Small nucleolar RNA	1
Stratification (seeds)	1
Time geography	1
Total human ecosystem	1

Get number of papers cited by keypapers

Code

keypapers <- c("W4379647013", "W4220786370", "W2020319093", "W3001406994", "W2520670351", "W2204133637")
snowball$edges |>
    filter(from %in% keypapers) |>
    select(from) |>
    table() |>
    sum()

[1] 439

Code

snowball$edges |>
    filter(from %in% keypapers) |>
    select(to) |>
    unique() |>
    table() |>
    sum()

[1] 357

TODO

iGraph clustering of the snowball graph and especially snowball_supplemented graph

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44372499/igraph-split-graph-into-clusters

https://rdocumentation.org/packages/igraph/versions/1.3.5/topics/cluster_edge_betweenness

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53249609/r-igraph-plot-communies-and-selectively-highlight-some